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This guide builds on the LLM (Large Language Model) architecture built in our Deploy an LLM for AI Inferencing with App Platform for LKE guide by deploying a RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) pipeline that indexes a custom data set. RAG is a particular method of context augmentation that attaches relevant data as context when users send queries to an LLM.
LLMs (large language models) are deep-learning models that are pre-trained on vast amounts of information. AI inferencing is the method by which an AI model (such as an LLM) is trained to “infer”, and subsequently deliver accurate information. The LLM used in this deployment, Meta AI’s Llama 3, is an open-source, pre-trained LLM often used for tasks like responding to questions in multiple languages, coding, and advanced reasoning.
Asynchronous messaging is a common microservice architecture pattern used to decouple inter-service communication. Akamai App Platform uses RabbitMQ to provide an integrated messaging and streaming broker. RabbitMQ is a widely-adopted, open source message broker that uses AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) to communicate with producers (apps that send messages) and consumers (apps that receive messages).
Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple Notification Service (SNS) is a fully managed, topic-based messaging service used for event-driven architectures and decoupled applications.
Microsoft Azure Service Bus is an enterprise-grade messaging service that supports pub/sub and point-to-point patterns with features like at-least-once delivery and dead-letter queues. It allows for advanced message filtering using SQL-like expressions, enabling sophisticated routing scenarios.
Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Pub/Sub is a fully managed, topic-based messaging service designed for real-time, event-driven architectures. It facilitates communication between independent applications with high throughput and automatic scalability.
LLMs (Large Language Models) are increasingly used to power chatbots or other knowledge assistants. While these models are pre-trained on vast swaths of information, they are not trained on your own private data or knowledge base. To overcome this, you need to provide this data to the LLM (a process called context augmentation). This tutorial showcases a particular method of context augmentation called Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which indexes your data and attaches relevant data as context when users sends the LLM queries.
This guide provides step-by-step instructions for deploying RabbitMQ on Linode Kubernetes Engine (LKE) using the RabbitMQ Kubernetes Operator. This is part of a set of tools that RabbitMQ provides to streamline its management on Kubernetes:
Knative is an open source platform that extends Kubernetes to manage serverless workloads. It provides tools to deploy, run, and manage serverless applications and functions, enabling automatic scaling and efficient resource utilization. Knative consists of several components:
Knative is an open source platform that extends Kubernetes to manage serverless workloads. It provides tools to deploy, run, and manage serverless applications and functions, enabling automatic scaling and efficient resource usage. Knative consists of several components:
Rook provides cloud-native storage orchestration for the Ceph distributed open source storage system. Ceph runs on Kubernetes and is used to provide object, block, and file interfaces from a single cluster. Together, these provide a method to automate and manage large blocks of storage, typical of immense data storage centers. This guide demonstrates how to install and use Rook to orchestrate open source storage on a Kubernetes cluster.
Management of data at scale is crucial for deriving actionable insights, and an effective data platform can provide those kinds of insights. A data platform is the technology infrastructure used for the collection, storage, transaction processing, and analysis of varied data at scale. It simplifies engineering tasks such as expanding the storage available to an application or encrypting project secrets.
Kubecost is a real-time, automated cost monitoring tool for Kubernetes deployments. Kubecost automates Kubernetes cost accounting for internal and external expenses and performs usage analysis on those costs to determine how you can save money. Kubecost alerts can be configured for when predicted costs go out of scope, and governance can be implemented to help limit excesses. It’s governance feature also helps predict potential outages through Kubernetes monitoring so that remediation can occur proactively rather than reactively.
This guide walks you through the steps needed to deploy a Kubernetes cluster using LKE and the popular infrastructure as code (IaC) tool, Pulumi.
Kompose is a tool that makes it easier to convert Docker Compose files into Kubernetes resource deployments. You do the usual development with Docker Compose, then simply run Kompose to convert your work to a set of Kubernetes manifests. In this tutorial, learn more about Kompose, how to install it, and how to use it to build resources for your Kubernetes cluster.
Containerization, for all its efficiencies, often brings additional overhead — especially when it comes to Kubernetes. Keeping up with infrastructure needs can be a major effort as your application grows.
Harbor is an open-source and self-hosted registry for container images. With Harbor, you can securely store and access your own collection of Docker images without resorting to an external service, like Docker Hub. Harbor’s security and compliance features ensure your registry has the level of control that you need.
Kubernetes and Nomad are both orchestration tools that each come with a compelling set of features. Despite some overlap, each tool has unique strengths and a favorable set of use cases.
Popeye is an open-source read-only tool used from wherever a user has kubectl installed, using Kubernetes contexts defined in a kubeconfig file. It automatically scans live Kubernetes clusters, and provides an administrator with insight into issues that could arise from deployed resources and configurations. Once installed, Popeye will perform a comprehensive scan of your current configuration based on your active kubeconfig whenever entering the following command:
kubectl
kubeconfig
Kubernetes, through efficient container orchestration, has helped define how people think about managing application clusters. As a result, Kubernetes is now a widely adopted tool, with plenty of community support.
TOBS, short for The Observability Stack, is a pre-packaged distribution of monitoring tools and dashboard interfaces. It can be installed on any existing Kubernetes cluster. It includes many of the most popular open-source observability tools such as Prometheus, Grafana, Promlens, TimescaleDB, and others. Together, these provide a maintainable solution to analyze the traffic on the server and identify any potential problems with a deployment. This guide covers deploying TOBS on LKE (Linode Kubernetes Engine) using Helm and the kubectl port-forward command for local access to your monitoring interfaces.
A few years ago the cloud was an idea; one that most pundits and businesses scoffed at. The cloud is now something consumers and businesses fully embrace. Businesses recognize that the cloud is a crucial component for a positive growth trajectory. From data storage, app deployment, and virtual machine management, the cloud is now the data center for the new world order.
If you are deploying your first Kubernetes cluster, it’s important to consider the security best practices that are available to keep your workload safe. Kubernetes provides several out-of-the-box features to help secure your cluster. This guide provides an overview of three Kubernetes features to you can use to secure different components of a cluster. The three areas covered are Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Secrets, and Network Policies.
Linode Kubernetes Engine (LKE) is an open source container orchestration system that helps deploy and manage containerized applications. If you are not familiar with Kubernetes, read our Beginner’s Guide to Kubernetes. Kubernetes (K8s) includes the capability to schedule jobs to run at a particular time with CronJobs. CronJobs use the same scheduling syntax as cron and crontab, which are standard Linux utilities. If you are not familiar with cron, you can refer to our Schedule Tasks with Cron guide.
Rook NFS allows remote hosts to mount filesystems over a network and interact with those filesystems as though they are mounted locally. When used with LKE, Rook can mount a Linode Block Storage PVC which uses ReadWriteOnce permissions. The volume can then be leveraged as NFS and exported as a storage class that uses ReadWriteMany permissions. This allows Linode’s Block Storage to store persistent data for LKE clusters.
ReadWriteOnce
ReadWriteMany
Consul is a service mesh offered by HashiCorp, with robust service discovery and diagnostic features for managing your application’s services. You can learn more about service meshes in our guide What Is a Service Mesh?. Consul offers a balanced approach between flexibility and usability that makes it a compelling option for managing your service-oriented applications.
Jenkins X is CI/CD tool that automates the management of development environments and the promotion of new versions of applications between environments. This guide illustrates how to install Jenkins X version 2 on Linode Kubernetes Engine.
In this guide, you will deploy the Prometheus Operator to your Linode Kubernetes Engine (LKE) cluster using Helm, either as:
The Container Storage Interface (CSI) defines a standard that storage providers can use to expose block and file storage systems to container orchestration systems. Linode’s Block Storage CSI driver follows this specification to allow container orchestration systems, like Kubernetes, to use Block Storage Volumes to persist data despite a Pod’s lifecycle. A Block Storage Volume can be attached to any Linode to provide additional storage.
This guide will use an example Kubernetes Deployment and Service to demonstrate how to route external traffic to a Kubernetes application over HTTPS. This is accomplished using the NGINX Ingress Controller, cert-manager and Linode NodeBalancers. The NGINX Ingress Controller uses Linode NodeBalancers, which are Linode’s load balancing service, to route a Kubernetes Service’s traffic to the appropriate backend Pods over HTTP and HTTPS. The cert-manager tool creates a Transport Layer Security (TLS) certificate from the Let’s Encrypt certificate authority (CA) providing secure HTTPS access to a Kubernetes Service.
The Linode Cloud Controller Manager (CCM) provides a way for Kubernetes clusters to access additional Linode services. Linode’s CCM provides access to Linode’s load balancing service, Linode NodeBalancers.
Kubeflow is an excellent alternative for training and evaluating machine learning models in public and private clouds. Kubeflow is designed to make your machine learning experiments portable and scalable.
The Elastic Stack is a collection of open source projects from Elastic that help collect and visualize a wide variety of data sources. Elasticsearch can store and aggregate data such as log files, container metrics, and more. The products in the stack include: Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana, and now Beats.
Cert-manager is a Kubernetes add-on designed to assist with the creation and management of TLS certificates. Similar to Certbot, cert-manager can automate the process of creating and renewing self-signed and signed certificates for a large number of use cases, with a specific focus on container orchestration tools like Kubernetes.
This guide will walk you through the steps needed to deploy a Kubernetes cluster using LKE and the popular infrastructure as code (IaC) tool, Terraform. Throughout the guide you will:
K3s is a lightweight, easy-to-install Kubernetes distribution. Built for the edge, K3s includes an embedded SQLite database as the default datastore and supports external datastore such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, and etcd. K3s includes a command line cluster controller, a local storage provider, a service load balancer, a Helm controller, and the Traefik ingress controller. It also automates and manages complex cluster operations such as distributing certificates. With K3s, you can run a highly available, certified Kubernetes distribution designed for production workloads on resource-light machines like 1GB Linodes (Nanodes).
Hosting a private Docker registry alongside your Kubernetes cluster allows you to securely manage your Docker images while also providing quick deployment of your apps. This guide will walk you through the steps needed to deploy a private Docker registry on a Linode Kubernetes Engine (LKE) cluster. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to locally push and pull Docker images to your registry. Similarly, your LKE cluster’s pods will also be able to pull Docker images from the registry to complete their deployments.
Linode Kubernetes Engine (LKE) allows you to easily create, scale, and manage Kubernetes clusters to meet your application’s demands, reducing the often complicated cluster set-up process to just a few clicks. Linode manages your Kubernetes master node, and you select how many Compute Instances you want to add as worker nodes to your cluster.
In Kubernetes, an Ingress is an API object that manages the routing of external requests to one of the many possible internal services in a Kubernetes cluster. In the majority of cases, the Ingress will rely on an external Load Balancer to accept initial traffic before being routed.
Istio is a service mesh, or a network of microservices, that can handle tasks such as load balancing, service-to-service authentication, monitoring, and more. It does this by deploying sidecar proxies to intercept network data, which causes minimal disruption to your current application.
Linkerd 2 is an ultra lightweight service mesh that monitors, reports, and encrypts connections between Kubernetes services without disturbing the existing applications. It does this by employing proxy sidecars along each instance.
Drupal is an advanced and powerful content management framework, built on the PHP scripting language and supported by a database engine like MySQL. Drupal provides a flexible system that can be used to manage websites for a variety of use cases. For example, you can create rich, interactive “community” websites with forums, user blogs, and private messaging.
Octant is a web application that talks to your Kubernetes clusters and provides an easy-to-read dashboard for the objects in your clusters. A marquee feature of Octant is its ability to show your objects and their relations in a graph format:
Kubernetes is a container orchestration system that was initially designed by Google to help scale containerized applications in the cloud. Kubernetes can manage the lifecycle of containers, creating and destroying them depending on the needs of the application, as well as providing a host of other features. In the past few years Kubernetes has become one of the most discussed concepts in cloud based application development, and the rise of Kubernetes signals a shift in the way that applications are developed and deployed.
Kubernetes, often referred to as k8s, is an open source container orchestration system that helps deploy and manage containerized applications. Developed by Google starting in 2014 and written in the Go language, Kubernetes is quickly becoming the standard way to architect horizontally-scalable applications.
Troubleshooting issues with Kubernetes can be complex, and it can be difficult to account for all the possible error conditions you may see. This guide tries to equip you with the core tools that can be useful when troubleshooting, and it introduces some situations that you may find yourself in.
Kubernetes introduces a whole new dictionary of terms; this guide contains some of the basic terms and their definitions as a reference.
Kubernetes is a system that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Containerizing an application requires a base image that can be used to create an instance of a container. Once an application’s image exists, you can push it to a centralized container registry that Kubernetes can use to deploy container instances in a cluster’s pods.
The kubeadm tool is cloud agnostic and automates many of the tasks required to get a Kubernetes cluster up and running. By using kubeadm, you can run commands to create a control plane (a server that maintains the state of the cluster) and control planes (servers that run your application’s pods). This guide walks you through installing kubeadm and using it to deploy a Kubernetes cluster on Linode. While the kubeadm approach requires more manual steps than other Kubernetes cluster creation pathways offered by Linode, this solution is covered as way to dive deeper into the various components that make up a Kubernetes cluster and the ways in which they interact with each other to provide a scalable and reliable container orchestration mechanism.
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*Kubernetes*, often referred to as *k8s*, is an open source container orchestration system that helps deploy and manage containerized applications.
This guide expands on a previously built LLM and AI inferencing architecture to include a RAG pipeline that indexes a custom data set. The steps provided utiliz …
This guide includes steps and guidance for deploying a large language model for AI inferencing using App Platform for Linode Kubernetes Engine.
This guide shows how to deploy a RabbitMQ message broker architecture on Akamai App Platform for LKE. The architecture also includes a sample Python app used to …
Learn how to migrate from GCP Pub/Sub to RabbitMQ on Akamai. Discover RabbitMQ's flexibility and advanced routing capabilities over GCP Pub/Sub.
Learn how to migrate from Azure Service Bus to RabbitMQ on Akamai. Discover RabbitMQ's customizable routing and multi-protocol messaging advantages over Azure S …
Learn how to migrate from AWS SNS to RabbitMQ running on Akamai. Discover RabbitMQ's queue-based messaging and advanced routing features compared to AWS SNS.
Utilize the Retrieval-Augmented Generation technique to supplement an LLM with your own custom data.
Learn how to deploy RabbitMQ on Linode Kubernetes Engine (LKE) using the RabbitMQ Cluster Kubernetes Operator in this step-by-step guide.
Learn how to migrate Azure Functions to Knative with step-by-step instructions, code examples, and best practices for seamless deployment on Kubernetes.
Learn how to migrate your Go functions from Google Cloud to Knative with this step-by-step guide.
Learn how to migrate from AWS Lambda to Knative for a flexible, open source, cloud-native serverless platform on Kubernetes.
Read this guide to learn how to setup, install, and manage Rook to orchestrate open source storage with Ceph on Kubernetes.
Explore how Portworx, a leading cloud-native storage platform for Kubernetes, enhances data and SaaS management with efficient cloud storage solutions.
Discover how to optimize Linode LKE costs with Kubecost, a powerful tool automating Kubernetes container cost calculations.
In this tutorial, you'll deploy a Kubernetes cluster using the Linode Kubernetes Engine (LKE) and Pulumi.
Kompose helps users familiar with Docker Compose start deploying to Kubernetes by translating Docker Compose YAML files to Kubernetes resources. In this tutoria …
Learn how Terraform and Helm can be used to manage your Kubernetes clusters, including the benefits (and downsides) of each and when to use each tool.
Learn the benefits of Harbor vs Docker Hub, how to install the Harbor registry software in the cloud, and how to connect a Kubernetes cluster to the registry.
Nomad and Kubernetes each offer distinct and compelling approaches to workload orchestration. And it is possible to use these two tools together to better manag …
Learn how to use Popeye, a utility that searches for configuration issues on live Kubernetes clusters.
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